Key takeaways

• Chat-based AI became the default interface for software after late 2022.
• Context windows rapidly expanded (up to ~1M tokens) and are now table-stakes at the frontier.
• Multimodal systems (text + vision, moving toward audio/video) replaced single-modality models.
• Reasoning-first models emerged as a distinct class for harder tasks.
• Competition shifted from raw model quality to agents, tools, and workflow integration.